LO NEIH DAN CHI HRANG HRANG LEH THA SEN NGAI ZAT




Thuhmahruai


     India hmarchhak tlangram Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh leh Mizoram-tea kan lo neih dan hi India ram hmundanga an lo neih dan nen a inang lo hle a, kum tina thar vah (shifting Cultivation or Jhuming) hi kan la hman lar ber chu a ni. Hetiang lo-ah hian mihring tha hi kan lo hmang nasa ber a, a hahthlakin hnathawh hun chhung pawh a duh rei bik a. Tin, kan hmanraw hman te lah hi hmanlai pi puten an hman thin ang kha a la ni reng a ni. Kum tina ramthar vah hian kan ram leilung leh ngawte a tichhia a, chu chu veng turin Sorkar pawn terrace laih hi uar turin tan a la hle reng a ni. Nimahsela terrace-ah pawh hian kan hmanraw hmante chu a la pangngai tho bakah mihring tha kan la hmang nasa ber tho a ni. Tin, Phairuam zawl leiletah pawh hian kan tha sen tam ber chu mihring tha a ni a, ran tha chakna pawh kan hmang ve zeuh zeuh bawk. Agriculture hmanraw tha zawk leh thar zawk, ran vulh chi hmanrua leh khawl thilte hi kan la hmang uar lo hle. Dan naranin mimal lo neih hi a zau vak lo bawk a ni. Hun lo la kal zel turah mihring tha ringawtin a tih vek sen a ni dawn lova ran chaknate leh khawl thilte uar zawka hman hun a lo la thleng ngei ang. Nimahsela, tuna kan dinhmunah hi chuan lo neih nana tha sen theih kan neih chhun hi engtingne a tangkai thei ang bera kan hman theih ang tih hi kan chhut ngun fo a ngai a ni.


     India Hmarchhak tlangram (North Eastern Hills Region)-ah hian a tlangpuiin lo neih dan hi chi hnih a awm a, chung chu tlangpanga lo neih leh ruam zawl remchang laia lo neihte hi an ni. Tlangpanga lo neihah hian mihring tha bakah kuta chelek theih hmanraw tlemte nen thlai leh buhte chu kan ching thin a ni. Henga kan hmanraw hmante hi a la hman lai hle, entirnan, Chem-lo vah nan, tuthlawh-thlai chin nan leh thlawhfai nan, Favah-buhseng nan te an ni.


    Phai ruam zawm laiah hian tui a awm chuan buh vawihnihte a thar theih a. Hei hian tha pawh a heh ber a ni. Hmun thenkhatah chuan a remchan dan a zirin Bawng pawh an chhawr ve bawk. A chhawrna erawh chu a la tlem hle, leileh nan leh buh chil nan a ni deuh ber.


    A chunga kan han sawi tak lo ang chia tha sen ngai zat chhut chhuah nan lo hrang hrang 72 Burniihat Meghalaya-ah thlan an ni a. Kum 1977 leh 1978 chhung khan kartin heng lo neitute hi tlawhin nitina an loa a tha sen zate chu zawh an ni a. Chuta tanga a lan dan chuan kum khata tha sen ngai zat chu hetiang hi a ni. Shifting (Jhuming) ah 401.2ph-hrs/ha. terrace ah 277.6hp-hrs/ha, leiletah 754.2 hp-hrs/ha te an ni. Shifting (jhuming) tlangram lo neih leh terrace-ah hian Bawng an hmang tel lova. Leiletah hi chuan tha sen ngai zat 100 zela 11.6 Bawng an hmang a ni. Leiletah hian Mipain tha an seng hnem ber a, tha sen zat 100 zela 47.8 an thawh a ni. Lo neih dan chi hrang hranga tha sen ngai zat chu a hnuai a mi ang hi a ni.


KUM KHATA THA SEN 100 ZELA THA THAWH NGAI ZAT (HP-HRS/HA)


Lo hna hrang hrang Mipa Hmeichhia A vaiin Mipa Hmeichhia
1 a) Lovah 57.3 35.5 92.8 61.7 38.3
  b) Lo hal leh mangkhawh 19.4 30 49.4 39.3 60.7
  c) A vaiin 76.7 65.5 143.2 53.9 46.1
2.Thlai chin/buh tuh 20.6 34 54.6 37.7 62.3
3. Hlo thlawh 15.8 54.5 70.3 22.5 77.5
4. Thlai humhalh 23.1 4.5 27.6 83.7 16.3
5. Lo zawh/Buh seng 29.2 40.5 69.7 41.9 58.1
6. Thlai/Buh phurh 9.1 11.5 18.6 38.2 61.8


   Lovah, hal leh thenfai hian lo neih nana a pumpuia tha sen ngai zat 100-a 35, 4v a mamawh a, hetah hian mipain tha an seng hnem zawk a ni.


  Tlangrama thlai chin hi hna hahthlak tak a ni a, a chhan chu thlai china tur bika siam hmanrua hi tlang pangah chuan hman ve a harsat vang a ni ber mai. A pumpui tha sen ngai zat 100-a 13.6 thlai chin/ buh tuh hian a mamawh a ni. Hetah hi chuan dan naranin hmeichhia-in tha an seng hnem zawk a ni.


  Tlangram lo neihah hian thlai dip raltu hi an tam duh bik hle a.Lo hal zawha thenfai hlarh pawh hi ni 4-5 hnuah chuan a gring dup mai a ni. A chin kan thai a, hal zawha ruah a sur phei chuan thlai chin hmain hnim lo to te chu thlawhfai phawt a tul thin a ni. Lo neiyu tam zok chuan thenfai pahin an ching nghal thin. Hlo thlawha tha sen ngai zat chu 70.3 hp-hrs/ha a nhi a, mipa tha aiin hmeichhe tha a tam zawk a ni.


 Tlangram lo neihah hi chuan zuva laka thlai humhalh hi a pawimawh hle a. Lo neitu chuan a bik takin zing lam leh tlai lamah a thlaite chu a ven a ngai a ni. He hna hi mipain an thawk ber a, tha sen zawng zawng 100-6.9 hman a ngai a ni.


 Buh seng leh thlai dang thar/ seng te hi a hah thlak bakah hun a heh hle a. A chhan chu thlai chi hrang hrang chin a lo ni a,a chin hun inrual mahse a thar hun/puitlin hun a inang lo a ni. Heta tha sen ngai zawng zawng chu 69.7 hp-hrs/ha a ni.


 Tlang panga lo neih ah hian a pumpui thuin hnathawktu mamawh zat a pangai deuh reng a, nimahsela lo vah leh hal laite, hlo thlawh laite leh buh seng hunte hian hnthawktu tam zawk an ngai thin.Lo neitute hian hna zawng zawng chu a hun taka zawh kim a nih theih nan an chhungin an thawhho thin a. Nimahsela lo vahlaite leh senglai hi chuan hnathawktu tam zawk an mamawh a,lawm han ruai mai turin midangte pawh an la tul ve a vangin a harsa thin a ni.


 Hemi avang hian lo neitu tam tak chuan a hun takah lo vah,hlo thlawh leh buh sengte an tithei tin lova, chu chuan lo neitu tan nasa taka hlohna a thlen thei thin. Thlai chin hun, hlo thlawh leh seng hunte hi a pawimawh em em a, chuvangin a engemaw ber a hun aia kan tlai chuan tam tak kan hloh thei a ni. Heng hna pawimawh zualte hi a hun taka kan thawh theih nan leh tha pangai tho senga rang zawka kan thawh theih nan tuna kan hmanraw pui puite hi a tha zawka kan thlak a ngai a ni. Chu chuan kan thlaite tichhe theitu lakah kan ven bakah mihring tha kan mamawh zual laite hian min chhawk zangkhai thei dawn a ni.


 Terrace cultivation: Terrace lo neih hi tlangramah chuan lo neih dan tha zawk a ni a. Terrace laih tharah hi chuan thlai chin dan leh a enkawldan chu Shifting Cultivation nen a inang deuh reng a, mahse thlai chi hrang chin a tlem zawk a ni. Terrace nghet tawhah chuan thlai chin dan leh enkawl dan chu leileta thlai/buh enkawl ang a ni thung.


LO HNA CHI HRANG HRANGA THA SEN NGAI ZAT (Terrace ah)


Lo hna hrang hrang Kum 1 tha sen ngai zat(hp-hr/ha.)
Mipa/Hmeichhe		 Avaiin 100 zela tha thawh zat Mipa/Hmeichhia
1. A chin tur buatsiah 61.5 58.0 119.5 51.5 49.5
2. A chin phunsawn 25.0 33.4 58.4 42.8 57.2
3. Tui pek 107.0 0.3 2.0 85.0 15.0
4. Hlothlawh 9.6 42.7 52.3 18.3 81.7
5. A seng 10.7 14.9 25.6 41.8 58.2
6. A thiar 3.2 4.6 7.8 41.0 59.0
7. A chil 4.8 7.2 12.0 40.0 60.0


   A chunga Table-a a lan angin a chinna tur buatsaih, a chin/phunsawn leh a hlo thlawhah tha sen nasat a ngai ber a ni. A hmasa pahnihna atana tha thawh atan hmeichhia leh mipa an intluk deuh reng a, mahse hlo thlawhah chuan hmeichhiain tha an seng hnem zawk a ni.


   Valley Land Cultivation : Ram zawl remchang lai apiangah tui lakna a awm leh awm loh a zirin buh hi chin thin a ni a. A chin dana chu terrace tui lakna neia an chin dan ang tho hi a ni. Heng ang Loah pawh hian hna tam ber chu mihring tha senga thawh a ni a, a lei leh Buh chil nan chuan Bawng hman a ni thung.


LO HNA CHI HRANG HRANGA THA SEN NGAI ZAT (RAM ZAWL LEILETAH)


Lo hna hrang hrang Kum 1 tha sen ngai zat(hp-hr/ha.)
Mipa/Hmeichhe		 100 zela tha thawh zat Avaiin/Mipa/Hmeichhia/Bawng
1. Thlai Kuitiah 35 9.7 11.6 56.3 62.2 17.2 20.6
2. A chin buatsaih 169.5 53.8 65.9 289.2 56.6 18.6 22.8
3. Phunsawn 47.1 99.1 - 135.2 348 65.2 -
4. Tuipek 13 6.4 - 19.4 67 33 -
5. Hlo thlawh 31.7 68.5 - 100.2 31.6 68.4 -
6. A seng 32.9 47 - 79.9 41.2 58.8 -
7. A thiar 10.3 8.6 - 19.4 55.7 44.3 -
8. A chil 20.6 24.3 9.7 54.6 37.7 44.5 17.8


   A chinna tur buatsaih, phunsawn leh thawhte hian terrace ang bawkin tha a mamawh tam bik a ni. A chinna tur buatsaihnaah hian mipa tha sen a tam zawk a, mahse phunsawn leh hlo thlawhah hi chuan hmeichhiain tha an seng hnem zawk a ni.


LO NEIH DAN CHI HRANG HRANG A THAR HNEM HLEIH DAN


Thlai Lo pangngai
kg/ha		 Terrace
kg/ha		 Phainuam Zawl kg/ha
A vaiin
Nipui Thlasik
1. Buh 584 655 2200 2075 4275
2.Vaimim 187 128 - - -
3.Buhtan 15 - - - -
4. Adangte Avaiin (kg/ha) 801 783 2200 2075 5275
5. Thasen ngai zat (hp/hr/ha) 401.1 277.6 397.3 356.9 754.2
6. Productivity (kg/hp/hrs) 2.0 2.82 5.54 5.81 5.67


     Terrace-ah hian loneituten lei tihthatna engmah an telh chuan loh avangin lo pangngai nen a thar hnem lam a inang deuh thaw a ni.


     A chung table (a hnuai ber tlar phei atanga a lan danin) tha sen inang rengah chuan phairuam zawl lo neih chu a hlawk ber a, terrace in a dawt a, lo pangngai-ah a hlawk lo ber a ni.


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